国土空间规划体系中景观设计学科与行业的困惑及机遇

STRUGGLES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF THE DISCIPLINE AND PROFESSION OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE IN CHINA’S TERRITORIAL SPATIAL PLANNING REFORM

作者认为对新时代国土空间规划体系的理解首先应建立在对社会经济发展方式的国家战略抉择的深入解读之上,即理解生态文明建设的内涵与目标。国土空间规划是生态文明建设的空间途径,其本质是制定公共政策,目标是协调解决迫切的资源约束趋紧、环境污染严重和生态系统退化等宏观的空间治理问题。随后,作者进一步解析了生态修复与国土空间规划体系的关系,并指出应形成宏观-中观-微观一整套以生态修复为目标的全生命周期国土生态修复规划与实施体系。与此同时,作者肯定了编制跨行政区域专项规划的必要性,并强调了跨领域的多专业合作的重要意义,同时建议"双评价"应以地方特色为基础、按照"一地一策"的原则来执行。最后,针对景观设计学等相关学科和行业在当前国土空间规划体系改革中所面临的困惑与发展机遇,作者从学科教育和设计师自身知识与能力的转型方面提出了建议。

A true understanding of Ecological Civilization Construction is key to comprehend the connotation and goals of China’s territorial spatial planning,which echoes the ideological keynote of the country’s upgrade of socio-economic development mode.Missioned as a means to public policy making,territorial spatial planning develops roadmaps for Ecological Civilization Construction by addressing macro spatial governance problems such as the shortage of resources,severe environmental pollution,and ecosystem degradation.Furthermore,the author interprets the relationship between ecological restoration and territorial spatial planning system,and argues that the territorial spatial planning system should employ a macro-medium-micro hierarchy in scale while focusing on life-circle ecological restoration planning and implementation.In addition to the necessity of developing crossadministrative border plans,the author emphasizes the importance of multi-disciplinary cooperation.Then,he points out that"The Two Assessment Standards"should value regional characteristics and avoid to indiscriminately apply planning and design patterns in different cases.Finally,the author puts forward suggestions to practitioners in Landscape Architecture and other allied professions to prepare themselves by selfretraining with new concepts,methodologies,and technologies to be more competent for the contemporary needs of territorial spatial planning.