人工橡胶林的蜕变——西双版纳三达山热带雨林生态修复规划

THE REBIRTH OF TROPICAL RAINFOREST——ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION PLANNING FOR SANDA MOUNTAIN OF XISHUANGBANNA,CHINA

热带雨林是一种独特的森林生态系统,是地球上生物多样性最高的植被类型之一,当前面临生物多样性迅速消失与生态功能严重退化等问题。在中国西双版纳热带雨林中,三达山是整体生态格局的重要节点,但农业生产与人工橡胶林的大量种植使当地的生态系统日渐破碎,植被生产力也大幅下降。自2017年起,项目团队根据三达山现状生境条件,以30年为修复周期,采用从局部修复、斑块修复、廊道修复到生态完善的动态演替总体思路,借助建群种植物、先锋植物、立体复合型和协助自然再生4种修复方法重建三达山受损的热带雨林生态系统;并利用InVEST模型对修复前后的碳储量变化、生境质量和生态系统服务功能价值展开评估,以动态指导和修正修复计划,逐步实现热带雨林的回归。该项目是复杂而漫长的热带雨林修复实践的一次实验性探索,可为中国乃至全球热带雨林生态修复提供研究与实践基础。

Tropical rainforest,a unique forest ecosystem with the richest biodiversity on the earth,is now suffering from rapid biodiversity loss and ecological degradation.Xishuangbanna is such a typical example in China,where the ecosystem of Sanda Mountain is fragmented by agricultural practices and rubber plantation,and the vegetation productivity decreases sharply,threatening its role in the regional ecological security pattern.For an overall ecological improvement of the study area,since 2017,the project team has examined the existing habitat conditions in Sanda Mountain and proposed a thirty-year planning scheme for the ecological restoration by introducing constructive and pioneer plant species,employing a mixedspecies planting mode,and facilitating the natural regeneration of vegetation community to recover natural succession through ecological restoration planning at patch-,corridor-,and regionalscales.The team simulated the changes in carbon storage,habitat quality,and ecosystem service value before and after planning via the InVEST model to guide the dynamic adjustment of the tropical rainforest restoration.This exploratory ecological restoration planning for such a largescale tropical rainforest may provide research and practical references for other studies in China and abroad.