绿色乌托邦

GREEN UTOPIAS

自20世纪60年代现代环境运动兴起以来,有关环境灾难的新闻便层出不穷。资源枯竭、人口过量、城市发展到达极限……当一条条标线亮起"红灯",当生态崩溃和社会灾难的预测不绝于耳,一切似乎都指向了反乌托邦的未来:纪录片主持人指着北极冰川,告诉人们它正在经历不可逆转的消融;在小说家的描述中,无可替代的生物多样性正逐渐丧失,而基因改造而成的"后人类"正在崛起;电影导演渲染了一场可怖的环境灾难,只有极少数人类得以幸存.

Since the emergence of the modem environmental movement in the 1960s,every passing day brings news about imminent environmental catastrophes.Benchmarks for resource depletion,overpopulation,limits to growth,and the prognosis for ecological breakdown and social calamity,all point to a dystopian future.A documentary presenter gestures at an arctic icescape telling us it is irreversibly melting;a novelist describes the loss of irreplaceable biodiversity and the rise of genetically engineered post-humans;a filmmaker portrays a spectacular environmental disaster survived by only a lucky few.In the face of these apocalyptic narratives,it seems anything we can do will be too little,too late.The environmental movement however not only fosters a collective psyche of crisis,but also incites a pow erful fascination for alternative futures.Green Utopias represent a particular genre of such futures and have blossomed across the fields of contemporary philosophy,politics,literature,and design.