边境棕地:后工业及后冲突棕地景观

BROWNFIELD BORDERS:POST-INDUSTRIAL AND POST-CONFLICTING BROWNFIELD LANDSCAPES

朝韩边境的非军事区(DMZ)是当今世界危险系数极高和防御工事极强的区域。过去70年间,军队与军用设施持续而密集的驻扎、大量军事防御设施及经年累月的军事污染,在分裂的朝鲜半岛上形成了一连串的棕地。未来,朝韩有望实现政治与社会统一,这意味着将来有关半岛统一后的所有景观问题都需要在朝韩非军事区内解决。相关工作包括对区域内的陆地、水体以及现存军事基础设施和废弃设备进行详细分析;土壤修复、地下水与排水系统修复以及棕地再利用问题;新型制造业的引入、地区旅游业的发展,以及传统或新型能源的开发等。朝韩非军事区棕地可以视作传统后工业棕地(通常位于城市或城市边缘、以棕地再生方法与惯用手法进行处置)的一种极端情况。甚或说,"边境棕地"是一种全新棕地类型,无论是场地自身还是场地中的污染及污染治理方法都是非常独特的,需要开展持续的修复与再利用。本文旨在通过哈佛大学研究生设计课程对朝韩非军事区中开展学术研究,聚焦于朝鲜半岛的统一、作为新型棕地实践的边境景观修复举措,以及针对场地多种可能未来的规划设计方案。

The Demilitarized Zone(DMZ)landscape between the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and the Republic of Korea is currently the most dangerous and heavily fortified territory in the world and has produced a series of continuously linked brownfield lands on a divided Korean Peninsula through the continued intense presence of military troops and equipment,a significant amount of defense infrastructure,and pollutant buildup over the last seventy years.The political and social reunification of the two Koreas may occur in the coming years and any work in the future to address the landscape of a unified peninsula would be required to carry out in the DMZ.The work includes a complete characterization of the land area and water bodies and the existing military infrastructure and abandoned equipment,with the proposed remediation of soils,groundwater,and drainage systems as well as the concerns of brownfield land reuse,adding new industrial manufacturing to the area,the increase of tourism into the region,and the development of both traditional and new forms of regional energy generation.The brownfields in the DMZ can be considered an extreme version of the more conventional post-industrial sites that are addressed in other urban or ex-urban venues through the methods and conventions of brownfield regeneration.Or indeed it may become a new type of brownfield site—the"brownfield border"—with its own characterization,on-site pollutants,and methods to address its ongoing remediation and reuse programs.The intention of this paper is to examine the DMZ through a recent academic study carried out through a graduate design studio at Harvard University focused on the outcomes of unification on the Korean peninsula,the remediation of border landscapes as a new type of brownfield practice,and potential planning and design of alternative futures.