敦煌“西夏石窟”的年代问题

On The Ages of The ‘Xixia Caves’ in Dunhuang

本文对莫高窟第409窟、65窟和榆林窟第39窟的开凿年代提出了新的认识。作者根据对莫高窟第409窟回鹘文题记的解读,对该窟重修于西夏的观点提出质疑,认为该窟是西州回鹘阿厮兰汗在敦煌重修的洞窟;根据对榆林窟第39窟回鹘文题记的解读,指出该窟亦是西州回鹘皇室成员或达官显贵在敦煌开凿的洞窟。以上两个洞窟的重修和开凿年代都为北宋末年。此外,作者根据莫高窟第65窟存留的西夏文题记及与重修壁画间的层位关系等,提出了该窟重修年代不是西夏初年而是北宋末年的新观点。

The thesis focuses on the ages of Mogao caves 409, 65 and Yulin cave 39 in Dunhuang by the inscriptions concerned, reaching the different judgement: Mogao cave 409 got reconstructed by the commission of Alsran Khan of Xizhou Uighur in the late of the Northern Song dynasty instead of the Western Xia period. The construction of Yulin cave 39 was supported by the royal family or the high-ranking officials of Xizhou Uighur in the late Northern Song dynasty. Mogao cave 65 was rebuilt in the late Northern Song Dynasty instead of the early Western Xia period as the result of the contrast between the Tangut inscriptions and the layers of the repaired murals of the cave.