相对贫困的理论与政策聚焦--兼论建立我国相对贫困的治理体系

Theoretical and Policy Focus of Relative Poverty:Establishing a Governance System for Relative Poverty in China

贫困一直是世界各国首要解决的社会问题。本文基于我国全面进入小康社会,需要建立解决相对贫困长效机制这一战略转换背景,从相对贫困与绝对贫困关系入手,围绕相对贫困内涵的争论,聚焦我国相对贫困的表现形式,并基于我国国情,提出建立相对贫困治理体系的建议。在机制上,充分发挥基本公共服务的作用,建立相对贫困人口发展的基础性机制;形成"政府主导、社会参与、市场促进"的贫困治理的整体性机制;建立干预代际贫困传递的阻断性机制。在具体措施上,围绕低收入家庭,要建立生活负担减免制度;健全以生产帮扶和就业帮扶为主的专项援助制度;按需救助,对低收入户开展"救助会诊";建立相对贫困家庭陪伴式服务制度。

Poverty has long been an overarching social problem that must be addressed in the global agenda.While China has been completing its building of a moderately prosperous society in all aspects,a longterm mechanism to address relative poverty is indispensable.In this context,this paper first discusses the relationship between relative poverty and absolute poverty,focusing on debates over the implications of relative poverty and its manifestations in China’s context.Next,considering China’s current situation,the paper proposes establishing a governance system for relative poverty.It is suggested to maximize the role of basic public services and establish a basic mechanism for the development of people living in relative poverty,to form a holistic poverty alleviation mechanism based on the principles of "government-led,society-involved and market-facilitated",and to establish a mechanism for breaking poverty’s intergenerational transmission.To this end,the paper proposes measures such as setting up a scheme to relieve the poor’s living costs,improving special assistance schemes focusing on labour and employment;introducing "assistance consultation" to low-income households while providing on-demand assistance,and establishing a scheme to provide accompanying services for families living in relative poverty.