农村居民养老保险财政补贴的福利效应研究

Study on the Welfare Effects of Government Subsidies for Rural Residents’ Old-age Insurance

财政补贴是农村居民养老保险制度的核心,是农村居民养老保险制度推行和发展的关键。本研究从保障农民基本生活、调节收入分配、促进农村消费和激励农民参保缴费等4个维度对农村居民养老保险财政补贴的福利效应进行分析,发现当前补贴政策存在保障水平不高,地区分配不均,可持续性不强,激励约束不到位等问题。认为通过加大财政补贴支持力度,明确养老待遇调整机制,改善基金运营监管,调整参保缴费激励方案等多重措施,可以更好地发挥农村养老保险制度的福利效应,实现制度从规模扩张向高质量发展的转变。

Government subsidies are the key to the implementation and development of rural residents’ old-age insurance system.This paper analyzes the welfare effects of government subsidies from four aspects:ensuring a basic living standard,regulating income distribution,promoting consumption and incentivizing participation in and contributions to the scheme.It shows that the current subsidy policy has problems such as a low protection level,unbalanced regional distribution,unsustainability,as well as insufficient constraints and incentives.Welfare effects could be enhanced through measures such as increasing government subsidies,clarifying the mechanism for adjusting pension benefits,improving fund management and supervision,and adjusting incentive schemes for insurance participation and contribution.The pension scheme is expected to shift from coverage expansion to high-quality development.