“高校教育惩戒”范畴论辩及司法规制——基于司法案例的研究

Debate of Category and Judicial Regulations of “Educational Punishment in Colleges and Universities”:Based on Judicial Cases

高校教育惩戒是介于高校纪律处分与高校学生管理行为之间的特定概念。高校教育惩戒的单方性、强制性表征,内部行政行为对象的限定性,以及行政处罚"处罚法定"原则的存在,综合决定了唯有"准行政处罚"的性质定位方能令高校教育惩戒获得符合法理的规范表达。立基于典型司法案例的论证逻辑,纪律性惩戒与学术性惩戒的司法审查强度应有所不同,前者适用严格司法审查,后者适用有限司法审查,如此才能在维护大学自治与学生权益之间做出有效平衡。

Educational punishment in colleges and universities is a specific concept between disciplinary action and management behavior of college students.The unilateral and compulsory characteristics of educational punishment in colleges and universities, the particularity of the object of internal administrative action, and the existence of the principle of "legality of penalty" of administrative penalty determine that the nature of educational punishment in colleges and universities is"quasiadministrative penalty". Drawing on the demonstration logic of judicial cases, disciplinary punishment should apply the strict judicial review model, and academic punishment should apply the limited judicial review model. Only in this way can an effective balance be made between safeguarding academic self-government and students’ rights and interests.