人类认识:广义的理解与具体的形态

Human Knowing:An Understanding in Broad Sense

从广义认识论的角度看,以事物自身规定为指向的认知、以确认事物对人的意义为内容的评价、以引导人的观念活动和实践活动为旨趣的规范,构成了人类认识的相关方面,认识的具体形态,体现于认知、评价、规范的统一。认知固然离不开感性材料与概念形式,但二者本身又有其现实之源;以所知和能知的互动为背景,认知过程同时涉及本体论或形而上的前提。评价过程所关涉的认识一方面以如其所是地把握事物自身的规定为前提,另一方面又以确立合理的价值观念、认同合理的价值原则为条件。认识的规范性之维则以实然、必然与当然的把握为所以可能的条件。广义认识论视域中认知、评价和规范的相互关联,同时为说明世界与改变世界的彼此沟通提供了前提。

From the perspective of the epistemology in broad sense,the cognition directing to the object itself,the evaluation which take the meaning of the object to the human being as its contents,and the normativity with the guidance of the idea activity and practice as its purport constitute the relevant aspects of human knowing,and the concrete form of human knowing is correspondingly embodied in the unity of cognition,evaluation and normativity.Cognition is inseparable from perceptual materials and conceptual forms which have their own sources of reality.In the context of the interaction between the known and the knowing,the cognitive process involves both ontological and metaphysical premises.On the one hand,the cognition involved in the evaluation process is based on the premise of grasping the properties of things;on the other hand,it is based on the conditions of identifying with reasonable value principles.From the perspective of epistemology in broad sense,the interrelation of cognition,evaluation and normativity provides a premise for the connection between the explanation of the world and the changing of the world.