作为一种城市研究范式的“都市马克思主义”

Metro-Marxism as a Paradigm of Urban Research

非马克思主义者由于不能以实践的观点和辩证的观点理解城市而无法发展出一种总体性的城市理论。马克思和恩格斯虽然提供了以历史唯物主义分析城市问题和都市形式的线索,但也引发了“城市中的社会”研究还是“城市社会”研究的争论。随着人类城市化进程的不断深化,理论和实践两方面的诉求使澄清作为一种城市研究范式的“都市马克思主义”成为当前之需。马克思主义探究的社会现实是人类生产自己生活方式的具体的总体,而城市是人类生产自己生活的一定方式,因此研究城市必须将其放置于人类生产活动构成的社会总体之中。当今时代,都市已成为人类生产自己生活的自觉方式和社会历史发展的主导性构成。作为城市研究的马克思主义范式和马克思主义的当代哲学范式,都市马克思主义以包含着丰富矛盾性的“都市”为理论总问题,以实践的观点辩证地理解和揭示现代世界的都市现实,是一种微观视域和宏观视域相结合,真正探究现实的人的生存状况、生存矛盾、生活方式和生活意义的社会历史理论。具体来说,它致力于建构都市的社会历史解释模式,展开都市政治经济学批判和都市文化批判,提供与人类解放实践相连的都市革命理论。

Non-Marxists cannot develop an urban theory of totality because they cannot understand the city from the viewpoint of praxis and dialectic.Although Marx and Engels provided clues to analyze urban problems and urban forms with historical materialism,they also caused a debate on the study of“society in cities”or of“urban society”.With the deepening of the process of human urbanization,the demands of both theory and practice make it necessary to clarify“Metro-Marxism”as a paradigm of urban research.The social reality explored by Marxism is the concrete totality of human production of their own way of life,and the city is a certain way of human production of their own life,so the study of the city must place it in the social totality constituted by human production activities.Nowadays,the city has become the conscious way for human beings to produce their own life and the leading component of social and historical development.As the Marxist paradigm of urban research and the contemporary Marxist philosophical paradigm,metro-Marxism takes the“city”which contains rich contradictions as the problematic,and dialectically understands and reveals the urban reality of the modern world from the viewpoint of praxis which is a combination of micro-perspectives and macro-perspectives,and truly explores the social and historical theory of human living condition,living contradiction,life style and meaning of life.Specifically,it is devoted to constructing the social and historical interpretation model of the urban form,launching the criticism of urban political economy and urban culture,and providing the theory of urban revolution linked to the practice of human liberation.