历史中国的分配正义:实践与思想

Distribution Justice in Chinese History:Practice and Thought

在农耕大国的背景下,历史中国产生了以“均平”为代表的有关分配正义的实践与思想。农耕中国的特征,决定了分配正义必须同时考虑“家”(村落)和“国”两种共同体的需求。在实践层面,中国古代有关土地和赋役的分配,其目标在于既要促成大政治共同体的发生,又要维系村落共同体的稳定和互助。在思想层面,儒家的“不患贫而患不均”注意到分配正义只可能存在于“家”和“国”(而非“天下”)的共同体中,并充分考虑了村落共同体中的分配难题。分析中国传统的分配正义,可以打通中西学术对此话题的交流,也对当代中国与世界的分配正义实践同样具有理论意义。

As a great country of agriculture,China historically produced the practice and ideas of justice in distribution with“equality”as the representative thought.The characteristics of agricultural China decided that the justice of distribution must at the same time meet the needs of both“family(village)”community and“state”community.In practice,the ancient Chinese distribution concerning land and tax aimed at the birth of a big political community,and maintaining the stability and mutual aid of the village community.As for the ideas,the Confucian idea of“afraid not poverty but inequality”paid attention to the fact of the justice in distribution which could be existed only in a community including“family”and“state”(instead of“land under heaven”),and fully concerned the difficult problem in distribution in village community.It is important to analyze the justice in distribution in Chinese tradition for an exchange in this topic in China-West academic dialogue,while it is also of theoretical significance for the practice of justice in distribution both in China and in the whole world.