帝国-封建和主权国家的知识转型:以欧洲法学史为中心的考察

The Transformation of European States from Feudal to Modern in Legal Theory

欧洲从帝国体系向主权国家体系的近代转型,是一场深远影响欧洲和世界政治的大事件,但这场转型在法学领域是如何表现出来的,学术界并没有深入研究。罗马法研究主要集中在私法领域,历史学研究基本不触及法学问题,从而形成了一个理论空白点。本文通过挖掘欧洲罗马法解释传统,呈现出欧洲中世纪帝国?封建和近代主权国家两种政治模式的法学逻辑,肯定了注释、评注和人文主义法学家在欧洲政治转型中的关键作用,展现了罗马法在欧洲公法研究传统中的重要地位。

The transformation of Europe from the medieval imperial system to the sovereign state system is a major event that has a profound impact on European and world politics.However,how this transformation is manifested in the field of law has not been studied in depth.The study on the“public”dimension of Roman Law is largely absent in legal research and the study of history does not touch the issue of law,thus forming a theoretical gap.By exploring the tradition of European Roman law interpretation,this paper presents the legal logic of two political models,European medieval empire based on feudalism and modern sovereign state,confirms the key role of jurist in Europe political transformation.By revealing the Roman Law origin of European sovereignty concept,it shows the important position of Roman law in European public law research tradition.