高空减压病在航空医学中的防治新进展

Advances in prevention and treatment of altitude decompression sickness in aviation medicine

高空减压病(altitude decompression sickness,ADS)是指在一定高度飞行时,大气压力迅速降低,原本溶解在机体组织与体液中的氮气呈现过饱和状态而离析出来形成气泡,压迫或栓塞局部组织产生的一种病症。ADS是一种比较常见的航空病,高空低气压的暴露使飞行人员面临着ADS的风险,在过去很长的一段时间,国内外学者针对ADS的病因、预防以及治疗做了大量工作,取得了大量的突破性进展,但近年来随着航空器性能的不断提升,ADS的防治又面临新的挑战,本文将对近年来国内外ADS的发病原因、治疗以及预防新进展做一综述。

Altitude decompression sickness refers to rapid reduction of atmospheric pressure during flight at a certain altitude.Nitrogen dissolved in body tissues and body fluids is supersaturated and segregated to form bubbles,compressing or embolizing local tissues.Altitude decompression sickness is a common aviation disease.The exposure of high altitude and low pressure makes pilots face the risk of altitude decompression sickness.Previously,scholars have done significant work on etiology,prevention,and treatment of altitude decompression sickness.In recent years,with the continuous improvement of aircraft performance,the prevention and treatment of altitude decompression sickness is facing new challenges.This article reviews recent progress in the etiology,treatment and prevention of altitude decompression disease.