2Dantzig G, Ramser J. The truck dispathing problem [J]. Management Science, 1959, 6(1): 80-91.
3Erera A L, Morales J C, Savelsbergh M. The vehicle routing problem with stochastic demand and duration constraints[ J ]. Transportation Science, 2010, 44 (4) : 474-492.
4LiuRan, Jiang Zhibin, Geng Na. A hybrid genetic algo- rithm for the multi-depot open vehicle routing problem [J]. OR Spectrum, 2012, DOI 10. 1007/s00291-012- 0289-0.
5Lai Mingyong,Cao Erbao. An improved differential evolution algorithm for vehicle routing problem with simul- taneous pickups and deliveries and time windows [J]. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence,2010, 23(2) : 188-195.
6Gajpal Y, Abad P. An ant colony system (ACS) for ve- hicle routing problem with simultaneous delivery and pickup [J]. Computers & Operations Research,2009,36 (12) : 3215-3223.
7Dethloff J. Vehicle routing and reverse logistics: The vehicle routing problem with simultaneous delivery and pick-up[J]. OR Spectrum,2001, 23(1) : 79-96.
8Chen JF,Wu TH. Vehicle routing problem with simul- taneous deliveries and pickups [J]. Journal of the Op- erational Research Society, 2006, 57(5): 579-587.
9Nagy G, Salhi S. Heuristic algorithms for single and multiple depot vehicle routing problems with pickups and deliveries [J]. European Journal of Operational Re- search, 2005, 162(1): 126-141.
10Subramanian A, Drummond L M A, Bentes C, Ochi L. S, Farias R. A parallel heuristic for the Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Pickup and Deliv- ery [J]. Computers & Operations Research, 2010,37 (11) : 1899-1911.
