相对积极主义刑事司法观的提倡

Promotion of View of Relative Activism in Criminal Justice

新的十六字方针是法律体系建成之后的必然选项,其实质是追求法律的正当性与司法的公正性,提倡一种相对积极主义的司法理念,强调社会安全与司法人权保障的平衡。司法积极主义是对简单遵循文义的专属主义反思化的结果,并非意味着基于秩序安宁而造法。司法克制主义和积极主义,都有相同的出发点。二者的根本分歧在于如何理解解释法律、寻找法律和创造法律的关系。绝对的积极主义因存在明显的违背教义学和罪刑关系的痕迹而应当引以为戒,相对积极主义因包含着法律的道德价值从而更能促进公正性的实现。当前我国的司法犯罪化理论如果被不加甄别地践行,或者不进行细致化的推演,可能具有绝对积极主义色彩而走向公正的反面。因为刑法包含着规范属性和道德属性,这意味着人道精神与法定理念互为补充,意味着公正和人道成为刑事司法的目标。相对积极主义的特征是注重方法论的合刑性以及合宪性要求。

The new Sixteen-Character Policy is an inevitable choice after the completion of the legal system.Its essence is to pursue the legitimacy of the law and the fairness of the judiciary,advocate a relative activism doctrine of judicial concept,and emphasize the balance between social security and the guarantee of judicial human rights.Judicial activism is the result of reflecting on the exclusivism which simply follows the literary meaning,and it does not mean fabricating the law at the aim of keeping the order.Judicial restraint and activism share the same starting point.The fundamental difference between them is how to understand the relationship among interpreting the law,finding the law,and creating the law.Absolute activism has obvious traces of violation of doctrine and the relationship between crime and punishment,and should be taken as a warning.Relative activism can better promote the realization of justice because it contains the moral value of law.At present,if the theory of judicial criminalization in our country is practiced without discrimination or meticulous deduction,it may have a color of absolute activism and go to the opposite side of justice.Because criminal law contains normative and moral attributes,which means that the spirit of humanity and legal concept complement each other,and that justice and humanity become the goal of criminal justice.The characteristic of relative activism is to pay attention to the conformity with penalty and constitutionality of methodology.