基于课程标准的中高考命题改革思路与途径

Item Design for Senior High School Entrance Examination and College Entrance Examination Based on the Curriculum Standards

考试内容与命题改革是落实考试与评价理念的关键环节。当前,我国中高考改革已从考试形式改革逐步过渡到深化以素养和能力为核心的考试内容改革。中高考命题改革作为撬动考试内容改革的重要杠杆,应由基于考试大纲的命题转变为基于课程标准的命题。开展基于课程标准的命题,要依据课程标准明确考查目标、确定考试内容和范围,构建基于课程标准的考试框架;并据此编制多维细目表,建立课程标准与题目间的有效关联。在试题情境上,要划分各学科清晰的测试情境,寻找并建立其与学科素养或能力的契合点,加强试题的可视化设计,有效考查学生的核心素养和关键能力。

The reform of examination content and item design are key parts in implementing and achieving the values of examination and evaluation.At present,the reform of senior high school entrance examination and college entrance examination has gradually transitioned from the reform of examination form to the reform of examination content,with a focus on students’key competences and abilities.As an important lever for encouraging the reform of examination content,item design for the two examinations should be based on curriculum standards instead of examination syllabus.To develop items based on curriculum standards,it is necessary to clarify the objectives of examination,determine the content and scope,construct an examination framework based on curriculum standards,and then build multi-dimensional test specification to connect curriculum standards with the items effectively.In view of context,it is important to divide different types of test contexts for each subject,find and establish its connection with the competences or abilities,and strengthen the testing visualization,in order to effectively assess students’key competences and abilities.