德国高等教育“合约管理”模式的经验与启示——基于柏林洪堡大学七版目标协定文本的比较分析

Experience and Implication of Contract Management Model in German Higher Education——Comparative Text Analysis based on the Seven Editions of Target Contracts of Humboldt University Berlin

20世纪90年代以来,德国高等教育出现了以“合约管理”模式为核心的治理理念和以“目标协定”为代表的治理工具。借助目标协定进行“合约管理”,一定程度体现了德国现代大学治理中的“去管制化”趋势。通过对比分析七版目标协定文本发现,这一“去管制化”模式在不同阶段和不同层面存在程度差异,反映出政府对大学“既控制又松绑”的复杂操作。德国目标协定的实施经验对我国现代大学治理以及构建大学与政府新型关系的启示是,在高等教育管理中区分目标与措施,反思高校绩效容量的饱和度,同时发挥高等教育智库的协同作用,建立高校共享信息池,在政府统筹协调的基础上促进各大学在结构规划上的相互协调。

Since 1990s,German higher education has adopted new regulation model centered on“contract management”and the target contract as a governance tool.The regulation model of“contract management”by means of target contract indicates the“deregulation”-trend in Germany’s modern university governance.Through the comparative analysis of the seven editions of the target contract text,the study further finds that there are differences in the degree of this“deregulation”in different stages and levels,showcasing the complex operation mode of“both control and loosening”by the government.The implications of the German target contract to China’s modern university governance and the construction of the new relationship between university and government are distinguishing goals and measures in the higher education management,reflecting on the saturation of performance capacity of universities,and strengthening the cooperation with think tanks of higher education.To promote the coordination among universities on structural planning,information pools among universities should be established on the base of the overall coordination of the government.