重庆市大足区锅盖坡宋墓清理简报

Brief Report on the Rescue Excavation of Guogaipo Song Dynasty Tombs in Dazu,Chongqing

2002年9月,为配合重庆市大足区城北环二路的修建,大足石刻研究院对报恩村锅盖坡发现的两座仿木建筑结构宋墓进行了抢救性清理,墓内发现花卉纹、启门、孩童嬉戏等雕刻,出土少量"祥符元宝"铁钱、棺钉及铁环、碎瓷片等物。孩童嬉戏雕刻与大足石刻北山摩崖造像136窟所刻极为相似,体现了大足地区石窟艺术的历史传承性,也为研究墓葬与摩崖造像的联系提供了实物资料。该墓葬发现铁钱、石狮托棺台和M2墓中独具特色的华拱藻井和"四叶花窗"图样,在大足境内宋代墓葬尚属首次发现,为研究大足两宋社会生活提供墓葬和实物的新材料。

On September 20,2002,to coordinate with the construction of the second north ring road in Dazu District,the Academy of Dazu Rock Carvings carried out a rescue excavation on two Song dynasty tombs at Guogaipo of the Bao’en village.In comparison with other Song Dynasty Tombs discovered in Dazu,these tombs which imitate wooden structures are quite distinctive.In addition,rich and exquisite decorations were also found,such as the memorial archway carved in the back wall niche,sculpted relief of a woman opening the door,and abundant scroll grass patterns.Besides,a small amount of iron coins("Xiangfu Yuanbao"),coffin nails,iron rings and porcelain sherds were unearthed.Although there were no clear dates of the tombs,the iron coins indicate that they should have been built during the Dazhong Xiangfu period(1008-1016)in the Northern Song Dynasty or some time later.In particular,the column bases of rear niches in both tombs were caved in the shape of stone lions,while the pedestals for coffins were also carried by stone lions.In Tomb 2,we found distinctive forms of Tou-Kong and caisson,as well as extremely rare window patterns which are the same as those in Cave 14(Cave of Buddha Vairocana Preaching the Law)of the Baodingshan Rock Carvings in Dazu;and the carved scene of children playing is very similar to that in Cave 136 of the Beishan Rock Carvings in Dazu,which reflects the historical inheritance of grotto art in Dazu,and provides evidence for studying the necessary connection between tomb carvings and cliff sculptures.Meanwhile,the iron coins,tomb guardian beasts(stone lions holding the pedestals)and the unique tomb structures(Tou-kong,caisson and window patterns)were discovered for the first time in Dazu,providing new materials for the research on the social life and funeral customs in Dazu during the Song Dynasty.