出土墓志与东魏北齐邺京行里制度探析

An Analysis of Unearthed Epitaphs and Hang-Li system of Yecheng Capital During the Eastern Wei and Northern Qi Dynasties

东魏北齐邺京里坊的设置沿袭北魏洛阳里坊制度,文献记载往往以里或乡里形式称谓居住地。然而有4方东魏北齐时期墓志,志文记载墓主的居宅异于常例,为某行某里,或某行某坊。通过对墓志时代及墓主身份等因素的综合研判,并结合史书记载,可知东魏初至北齐末,某行某里(坊)是邺京里坊称谓的一种常用格式。"行"的称谓源自邺京行经尉制度,行名与里(坊)名的连用,是基于城市治安管理角度所产生的隶属关系的呈现,在名称上反映了某行区域内里的管辖情况。且行名与里名存在一定关联,将行名与里名对照,可知邺京部分行名与里名相同。

The Eastern Wei and Northern Qi Dynasties both founded theirs capitals in Yecheng city,and followed the Li-Fang system which was previously adopted in Luoyang during the Northern Wei Dynasty.Therefore the naming method of Li-Fang里坊units in Luoyang was also inherited by Yecheng.In historical literature,one’s residence was usually recorded by the name of Li里or"Xiang-Li"(township)乡里.Nevertheless,four epitaphs from the Eastern Wei and Northern Qi dynasties have been discovered,including Zhao Dingdu’s epitaph,Li Ning’s epitaph,Shi Lian Gong’s wife Xing A’guang’s epitaph,and Yuan Hua’s epitaph,which recorded the tomb occupants’residences as a certain Li in some Hang(line)行,or a certain Fang in some Hang.This appellation was different from those of any other Li-Fang in Yecheng city during the Eastern Wei and Northern Qi Dynasties,and could not be found in other ancient cities.Through comprehensive study of the era and identities of the tomb occupants,and combined with historical records,it can be seen that from the beginning of the Eastern Wei Dynasty to the end of the Northern Qi Dynasty,a certain Li in some Hang,or a certain Fang in some Hang(XX行XX里,XX行XX坊)was one of the Li-Fang’s appellation forms in Yecheng during that time.We can trace the origin of"Hang"to the Hang Jingwei行经尉(Police Substation of Hang)Institution which was implemented in Yecheng during the Eastern Wei and Northern Qi dynasties.Analysis reveals a subordinate relation between"Li"(or"Fang")and"Hang",which means a Hang had jurisdiction in an area that covered several Li.The appellation of"a certain Li in some Hang"was the result of the affiliation caused by urban administration of security,which reflected the management situation in a certain Hang by the name.From given materials,the naming principles and laws of Hang are essentially in conformity with each other,both of them inherited the names of Li-Fang in Luoyang during the Northern Wei dynasty.And to some extent,the naming of Hang followed an existing name of Li or used it as reference.