四川九寨沟县中查村传统村落的遗产价值及保护研究

A Study on the Values and Conservation of Cultural Heritages in the Zhongcha Traditional Village of Jiuzhaigou County,Sichuan

九寨沟中查村作为第四批中国传统村落,面临的威胁远大于其他少数民族传统村落,通过田野调查总结出其六大建筑特征,作为九寨沟片区安多藏族民居的基础研究成果。同时,在对中查传统村落濒危民居调研的基础上,揭示村落保护需要以"人"为本,从生存基础建设、社会关系建设、精神场所建设的三个维度来探索,这是从产业到社区,再到文化建设的一个动态过程,为中国西南少数民族地区传统村落保护提供切实可行的理论依据和发展思路。

Listed among the 4 th batch of Chinese Traditional Villages,the Zhongcha Village in Jiuzhaigou has been the habitation of Ando Tibetan people for thousands of years.Adjacent to Jiuzhaigou National Scenic Spot,their livelihood has been greatly influenced by tourism development and land investment,therefore the village faces much severer threats than other traditional villages.After the 2017 earthquake,tourism in Jiuzhaigou suddenly stepped into overall stagnancy,as a result its problems were clearly exposed.In this article,we make a summing up of six construction characteristics of residential buildings in Zhongcha Village which were discovered through field survey:1.Their vertical layout to meet the requirements of agricultural production;2.The through-jointed wooden frame;3.Enclosure system made with local materials such as stone,planks,rammed earth and wattle-daub wall;4.Unique roofs composed of flat wooden boards,hookshaped rafters and wood log drainage trays;5.Diverse culture which combines elements of Tibet,Qiang and Han ethnic groups;6.Unique religious and cultural symbols.Meanwhile,based on the investigation on the endangered houses in Zhongcha traditional village,it is proposed that conservation of the village should be people-oriented instead of materialoriented.To retain indigenous people,we should try from three dimensions:infrastructure for subsistence,social relationship construction and construction for people’s spiritual life.That is to say,1.We should build up infrastructure for the leading industries which mainly benefit indigenous people;2.We should strengthen the ties between villagers through community building,in order to retain the talents through their senses of regional identity;3.Encourage the villagers to fully participate in cultural heritage conservation and the co-building of spiritual civilization.At last,this article interprets the dynamic relation of positive influence between"retain talents"and"conservation"through the"Three-step Strategy of Conservation and Development".We look forward to giving a satisfying answer sheet of our own and seeing more cultural diversity and self-confidence in the course of traditional village conservation and renewal.