新疆花生品种(系)蛋白亚基组成及品质特性分析

Analysis of Protein Subunit Composition and Quality Characteristics of Peanut Varieties(Lines) Grown in Xinjiang

对在新疆种植的36个花生品种(系)蛋白亚基组成及花生分离蛋白品质特性进行了相关性和聚类分析。结果表明:不同花生种间蛋白质组分含量存在较大的遗传变异性。各品种(系)亚基相对含量差异明显,其中,花生球蛋白35.5 kDa的亚基差异最明显,‘冀花10’等6个花生品种缺失35.5 kDa亚基,占所测试品种的16.67%。花生分离蛋白品质特性在种质材料间存在差异,除蛋白质纯度外,持水性、溶解性等指标的变异系数均大于10%,说明不同品种(系)花生很多品质差异较大。相关性分析表明,花生球蛋白与伴花生球蛋白之间呈极显著负相关(r=-1.000,P<0.01),蛋白溶解性与凝胶硬度呈极显著负相关(r=-0.498,P<0.01)。聚类分析表明,36个花生品种(系)在D^2=5水平下可分为5类,其中II类蛋白质溶解性和IV类蛋白质凝胶硬度、内聚力表现良好,值得推广种植。

The protein subunits from 36 peanut varieties grown in Xinjiang were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the quality characteristics of peanut protein isolates were also explored. The data obtained were subjected to correlation and cluster analysis. The results showed that there was a large genetic variability in the proportion of protein components among peanut varieties. The protein subunits were significantly different among peanut varieties, with the largest difference being observed in the 35.5 kDa subunit of arachin. Six(16.67%) of the 36 peanut varieties such as ‘Jihua 10’ were found to lack the 35.5 kDa subunit. The quality characteristics of peanut protein isolates varied among germplasm materials. The coefficient variations of water-holding capacity, solubility and other indicators but not of protein purity were greater than 10%, indicating considerable differences in protein quality characteristics among varieties. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significantly negative correlation between arachin and conarachin(r =-1.000, P < 0.01), and protein solubility was significantly negatively correlated with gel hardness(r =-0.498, P < 0.01). Cluster analysis showed that the 36 peanut varieties(lines) could be divided into five classes at the level of D^2 = 5. Among them, the protein solubility of class II and the protein gel hardness and cohesiveness of class IV were better, making them worthy of popularization.