天然居群青钱柳叶主要生物活性物质及抗氧化活性研究

Key bioactive substances and their antioxidant activities in Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinskaja leaves collected from natural populations

【目的】青钱柳是一种集药用、材用、观赏价值于一体的多功能树种,目前市场上多用其叶制成具有保健功效的保健茶。筛选出以药用保健为目的、用于制茶的优良青钱柳种源,以更好地发挥青钱柳叶的保健功效。【方法】采用水提方法,研究33个天然居群青钱柳叶的总黄酮、总三萜和总多酚含量及其抗氧化能力,并分析各活性物质含量与抗氧化能力之间的相关性。【结果】青钱柳叶水提物的总黄酮、总三萜和总多酚含量居群间均有极显著差异。其中,总黄酮含量范围为6.79~20.91 mg/g,总三萜含量范围为15.67~44.63 mg/g,总多酚含量范围为10.53~33.04 mg/g;聚类分析结果表明,在欧氏距离为0~5时,可将青钱柳33个天然居群的总黄酮、总三萜和总多酚含量分别分为3、4和3大类群;相关分析结果表明,总黄酮、总三萜和总多酚含量之间存在极显著正相关,且青钱柳叶中这3类生物活性物质含量与1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基清除能力、2,2′-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)自由基清除能力和总还原力呈极显著相关。【结论】安徽绩溪(S2)、贵州石阡(S15)、湖北鹤峰(S19)、湖北五峰(S20)为生物活性物质含量较高及抗氧化能力较强的优良药用保健青钱柳居群。

【Objective】 Cyclocarya paliurus(Batal.) Iljinskaja is a multiple-use tree species with applications in timber, ornamental and medicinal industries. However, recently, the most common use of C. paliurus(Batal.) Iljinskaja in the market is the preparation of nutraceutical tea with health benefits using its leaves. The objective of the present study was to select superior provenances or natural populations of C. paliurus(Batal.) Iljinskaja for medicinal purposes based on their content of key bioactive substances and their antioxidant activity. 【Method】 This study measured, using water extraction, the total flavonoid, total triterpenoid, and total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity in C. paliurus(Batal.) Iljinskaja leaves collected from 33 natural populations and analyzed the correlation between content and antioxidant activity. 【Result】The flavonoid, triterpenoid and polyphenol content exhibited significant variation in the extracts of C. paliurus(Batal.) Iljinskaja leaves collected from different natural populations. The total flavonoid content in the leaves was 6.79-20.91 mg/g, whereas the total triterpenoid and total polyphenol content was 15.67-44.63 and 10.53-33.04 mg/g, respectively. Hierarchical cluster analysis indicated that the 33 natural populations were classified into three, four and three distinct groups based on the total flavonoid, total triterpenoid and total polyphenol content in their leaves, respectively. Correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between total flavonoid, total triterpenoid and total polyphenol content;these key bioactive substances were also significantly correlated with DPPH(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free radical-scavenging activity, ABTS [2, 2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] free radical-scavenging activity, and total reducing power. 【Conclusion】Cyclocarya paliurus(Batal.) Iljinskaja natural populations from Anhui Jixi(S2), Guizhou Shijie(S15), Hubei Hefeng(S19) and Hubei Wufeng(S20) are excellent populations for preparing nutraceutical tea with a high content of key bioactive substances and strong antioxidant activity.