基于用水总量的水-能源-粮食关系解析

Analysis of the relationship between water,energy and food based on total water consumption

随着社会经济的发展和人口的增加,我国能源和粮食需求持续增加,水资源短缺对其制约日益显现。为更深入地研究水资源、能源和粮食之间的关系,采用31个省、自治区、直辖市的实测统计并与定额推算相结合的方法,对能源开发利用和粮食生产种植的用水总量和过程进行分析。结果表明:2015年,煤炭开采洗选、火电行业、煤化工行业中的合成氨、炼焦行业的用水量分别占煤炭全生命周期用水量的2.9%~4.4%、90.4%~94.8%、1.5%~2.6%、0.8%~2.7%,煤炭全生命周期用水量合计达506.7亿~531.5亿m^3,占工业用水总量的38.0%~39.8%;农田灌溉用水量占农业用水总量的87.7%,实际亩均灌溉用水量394m^3,单位粮食产量的用水量为543.3m^3。研究成果可为水、能源、粮食之间的关系提供参考。

Social-economic development and the increase of population escalated China′s energy and food demand,while the shortage of water resources is gradually constrained.In order to further study the relationship between water resources,energy and food,this paper uses the method of actual measurement statistics of 31provinces and combined with quota estimation to analyze the total water use and process of energy development and food production and planting.The results showed that in 2015,the water consumption of synthetic ammonia and coking industry in coal mining and washing,thermal power industry and coal chemical industry accounted for 2.9%~4.4%,90.4%~94.8%,1.5%~2.6%,0.8%~2.7%of the total life cycle of coal,respectively.The total water consumption of coal has reached 506.7~53.15billion m^3,accounting for 38.0%~39.8%of the total industrial water consumption.The irrigation water consumption of farmland accounted for 87.7%of the total agricultural water use,the actual irrigation water consumption per mu was 394m^3,and the water consumption per unit of grain output was543.3m^3/t.The research results can provide a reference for the water-energy-food link.