柏林大学讲座制及其启示

The Academic Chair System of Berlin University And Its Enlightenment

发源于中世纪大学的讲座制,是19世纪大学中一种重要的基层学术组织形式,柏林大学讲座制的确立赋予讲座制现代意义的标志,确立了教授在大学中的核心地位和近现代大学教育与科研相结合的新职能,促进了德国大学科研和教学水平的大幅提高,对世界上众多研究型大学的改革和发展产生重要启示和影响。我国高校可借鉴柏林大学讲座制中的合理成分,正确处理教学和科研职能的关系。

The academic chair system originated from medieval universities is an important form of grass-roots academic organization in the 19 th century. The establishment of the academic chair system of Berlin University has given the modern significance of the academic chair system, established the core position of professors in universities and the new function of combining modern university education and scientific research, and promoted the scientific research and teaching level of German universities, It has great enlightenment and influence on the reform and development of many research universities in the world. Chinese universities can learn from the reasonable components of the academic chair system of Berlin University, correctly handle the relationship between teaching and scientific research functions, and pay attention to the importance of academic freedom in the construction of universities.