社会科学的多元方法论与自然主义

Methodological Pluralism in Social Science and Naturalism

个体解释往往预设或结合社会因素,对社会现象的整体解释也离不开个体。不同于通过建立普遍原则来综合个体和整体的进路,金凯德、鲍厄尔等提出自然主义立场,说明在探讨社会科学方法论时需要联合经验案例,分析运用于地方性、语境性的社会解释中的个体和整体类型的可行性。自然主义立场导致方法论多元主义的发展,综合多元主义、孤立多元主义和互动多元主义均存在问题,实用主义或许可以为自然主义立场在哲学语境上提供一种出路。

Individual interpretations often presuppose or combine social factors,and the holistic interpretation of social phenomena is inseparable from individuals.Different from the establishment of universal principles to integrate the individualism and holismism,Kincaid,Bouwel and others put forward a naturalism stance,indicating that experience cases are needed in the discussion of social science methodology,analyzing the feasibility of the individual and the holistic type in the local and contextual social explanation.The naturalism position leads to the development of methodological pluralism.There are problems in comprehensive pluralism,isolated pluralism and interactive pluralism.Pragmatism may provide a way out for the naturalism position in the philosophical context.