21世纪扶贫政策演进:开发式扶贫到精准扶贫

The Evolution of China’s Poverty Alleviation Policy: From Development-Oriented to Targeted-Oriented Poverty Alleviation

改革开放以来,中国经济社会发展取得举世瞩目的成绩,社会经济各方面获得长足进展。同时,中国在减少贫困方面投入大量人力物力和政策资源,为世界的减贫事业做出了巨大贡献。尤其在进入21世纪后,随着经济发展水平的提升,为了应对扶贫事业的新挑战,中国在政策上从现实出发,不断推进,为全面建成小康社会和2020年脱贫打下了坚实的政策基础。本文将从21世纪以来中国贫困问题的现状和挑战出发,梳理扶贫政策方针的演进过程。从2000年至今,扶贫政策演变大致经历了2001-2010年的综合扶贫和2011年至今的精准扶贫阶段。尤其针对第二阶段扶贫中的低质、低效问题,在2013年11月,习近平总书记指出了新的扶贫工作思路:"实事求是、因地制宜、分类指导、精准扶贫",这标志着中国的扶贫攻坚进入到通过实施精准扶贫方略进行脱贫攻坚的阶段。

Since 1978, China has experienced dramatic economic and social development. At the same time, China has invested a lot of manpower, material resources and policy resources in reducing poverty, and has made tremendous contributions to the world’s poverty alleviation. Especially after entering the new century, with the rapid socio-economic development, China has established a solid policy foundation for the comprehensive construction of a well-off society and poverty alleviation in 2020. This article will start from the current situation and challenges of China’s poverty problem in the new century, and sort out the evolution process of poverty alleviation policy. Since 2000, the evolution of poverty alleviation policies has gone through the comprehensive poverty alleviation stage from 2001 to 2010, and the targeted poverty alleviation stage from 2011 to the present. The targeted poverty alleviation policy is designed to reduce the problems of low quality and inefficiency.