试论劳动者权益国家保障的现代兴起——以二十世纪初欧美社会保障立法与苏俄宪法为视角

On the rise of the modern state security of workers’rights and interests--from the perspective of European and American social security legislation and Soviet and Russian constitution in the early 20th century

19世纪末20世纪初,世界主要工业国家进入快速发展时期,由于工业化和城市化不断加速,劳动者权益保障问题日益突出,英、德、美等资本主义国家认识到了劳动者权益保障问题的严峻性,尝试出台相关法律化解矛盾。十月革命后,俄国新生的苏维埃政权以宪法的形式宣示了劳工阶级的应该享有的各种平等、普遍、直接的权利。苏俄宪法对于劳动者权益保障的革命性贡献对欧美各国产生了极大的震撼,为避免本国也发生社会主义革命,欧美各国的社会保障立法速度开始加快,着力构建完整的社会保障体系,突出国家在社会保障中的责任。作为世界上第一部社会主义宪法,苏俄宪法还直接影响了1919年德国魏玛宪法增加关于劳动者权益保障方面的内容,对二战后"福利国家"模式的建立起到了积极影响。

The end of the 19 th century at the beginning of the 20 th century into the world’s leading industrial nations to the rapid development period,due to the accelerated industrialization and urbanization,the problem of laborer’s rights and interests increasingly prominent,Britain,Germany,the United States and other capitalist countries realized the severity of the problem of laborer’s rights and interests,try to publish relevant laws to resolve contradictions.After the October revolution,the new Soviet regime in Russia declared the equal,universal and direct rights of the working class in the form of the constitution.The revolutionary contribution of the Soviet constitution to the protection of workers’rights and interests greatly shocked the European and American countries.In order to avoid the socialist revolution in their own countries,the European and American countries began to speed up their social security legislation,focusing on the construction of a complete social security system and highlighting the responsibility of the state in social security.As the world’s first socialist constitution,the Soviet constitution also directly influenced the German weimar constitution in 1919 to add content on the protection of workers’rights and interests,which had a positive impact on the establishment of the"welfare state"model after the second world war.