单核苷酸多态性与中国人群胃癌易感性和进展相关性的研究现状

Research on the relationship between the single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)and the gastric cancer susceptibility and its progression in Chinese population

单核苷酸多态性(SNP)是人类最常见的可遗传变异,是由个体间基因组水平的单个核苷酸变异所导致的DNA序列的多态性。作为一种新兴的遗传标记,SNP与疾病之间的关系受到了广泛关注。每个个体拥有的不同基因型决定了个体对疾病的不同易感性或对药物等的不同反应性。不同人群的SNP分布频率存在差异,如果同一人群的不同样本间可通过少量SNP位点即可反映整个群体样本主要的遗传信息,那这类SNP就可以作为标签SNP(Tag SNP)。近年来的相关研究已经证实了一些SNP位点在包括胃癌在内的多种类型肿瘤的发生发展中发挥重要作用,不同个体间或群体间的SNP差异对胃癌易感性及其进展和预后都有很大差别。本文综述了SNP、Tag SNP与胃癌的易感性及其进展的关系以及不同检测方法对结果的影响,旨在为胃癌的个体化预防和精准治疗策略提供新思路。

Single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)is the most common heritable variation in human.It is a DNA sequence polymorphism caused by single nucleotide variation at the genome level between individuals.As a new genetic marker,the relationship between SNP and disease has received extensive attention.Different genotypes possessed by each individual determine the individual's different susceptibility to diseases or different responses to drugs,etc.SNP distribution frequencies in different populations are different.If a small number of SNP sites can be used between different samples of the same population to reflect the main genetic information of the whole population sample,then such SNPs can be used as Tag SNP.In recent years,relevant studies have confirmed that some SNP sites play an important role in the origination and development of various types of tumors,including gastric cancer.SNP differences between different individuals or groups have great differences in the susceptibility,progress,and prognosis of gastric cancer.This article reviews the relationship between SNP and Tag SNP and the susceptibility and progress of gastric cancer,and the influence of different detection methods on the results,aiming to provide new ideas for individualized prevention and precise treatment of gastric cancer.