普通小麦-滨麦及其衍生系的染色体组成分析

Chromosome Constitution Analysis of Common Wheat-Leymus mollis and Its Derivatives

滨麦[Leymus mollis(Trin.)Pilger,NsNsXmXm,2n=28]属禾本科(Poaceae)小麦族(Triticeae)大麦亚族(Hordinae)赖草属(Leymus Hochst.)的一个多年生四倍体植物,蕴含着丰富的小麦改良优异基因,是小麦育种的重要三级基因资源。为给普通小麦-滨麦种质类型的创制、筛选和鉴定提供参考依据,本研究通过细胞学观察、顺序荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)-基因组原位杂交(genomic in situ hybridization,GISH)及分子标记等技术分别对普通小麦7182、滨麦及其高世代衍生系的染色体组成进行了研究。采用寡核苷酸探针pSc119.2和pTa-535相结合的技术绘制出普通小麦7182所有染色体的FISH标准核型图。初步推断出滨麦的染色体核型公式2n=4x=28=22m(6sat)+6sm。同时通过FISH-GISH技术鉴定出两种类型的普通小麦-滨麦高世代衍生系M47和M39,染色体组成分别表示为2n=56=42T.a+14L.m、2n=56=44T.a+12L.m。

The dune grass Leymus mollis(Trin.)Pilger,a perennial tetraploid species in Leymus(Triticeae:Poaceae)(2n=4x=28,NsNsXmXm),is a valuable genetic resource for wheat breeding as a tertiary gene pool.In order to provide the theory basis for developing,screening and identifying more potential and useful germlasm types of common wheat and L.mollis,the chromosome constitution of common wheat 7182,L.mollis and wheat-L.mollis derivatives were analyzed by cytogenetic observation and identification,sequential fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)-genomic in situ hybridization(GISH)and functional molecular marker technologies.The standard FISH karyotype patterns of common wheat 7182 were constructed using two probes of Oligo-pTa535 and Oligo-pSc119.2.Preliminary karyotype analysis of L.mollis was carried out and its karyotype formula was 2n=4x=28=22m(6sat)+6sm.Furthermore,the chromosome constitution of wheat-L.mollis derivatives M47 and M39 were identified,which can be expressed as 2n=56=42T.a+14L.m and 2n=56=44T.a+12L.m(T.a=T.aestivum chromosomes;L.m=L.mollis chromosomes),respectively.