精英俘获、收入门槛与传统农业地区金融减贫——一个基于面板门槛回归模型的实证分析

ELITE CAPTURE、INCOME THRESHOLD AND FINANCIAL POVERTY ALLEVIATUION IN TRADITIONAL AGRICULTURE AREA——AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS BASED ON PANEL THRESHOLD REGRESSION MODEL

[目的]文章旨在阐明传统农业地区金融发展在农村减贫中的作用发挥。分析精英俘获对农村居民间收入差距的影响机制,为精准减贫政策实施提供理论支撑。[方法](1)利用数理分析的方法理顺金融减贫出现目标偏离的内在逻辑;(2)采用2009—2016年我国中部地区104个传统农业县的面板数据,构建以农村居民收入为门限变量的面板门槛模型,实证检验了农村金融发展对农村居民内部的贫困减缓效应。[结果](1)农村金融发展对农村居民内部贫困减缓的作用呈现出鲜明的双重门槛特征;(2)当农村居民收入跨过第二个门槛值后,农村居民内部贫困减缓效果显著减弱。[结论]农村金融“嫌贫爱富”及农贷市场“精英俘获”现象是金融减贫效应呈现门槛特征的潜在诱因,而减贫资源更易被农村富裕的精英群体获取导致金融减贫的初衷难以落实,加大了农村贫困内部社会分化;该文建议,应站在乡村社会和乡村治理的角度反思金融减贫,建立金融减贫长效机制,以避免农村金融减贫工作陷入“内卷化”的窠臼。

This research aims to clarify the role of financial development in rural poverty reduction in traditional agricultural areas and analyze the mechanism and characteristics of the internal income gap among rural residents,which can provide theoretical support for the implementation of targeted poverty alleviation.This paper conducted mathematical method to make clear the internal logic of target deviation of financial poverty reduction.In addition,the method of the threshold regression was used to build model in this paper.Based on panel data of traditional agricultural counties from 1990 to 2016 in the central region of China,the poverty reduction effect of rural financial development with rural residents′income as the threshold variable had been empirically analyzed.The results indicated that the effect of rural financial development on internal poverty reduction under rural residents showed distinct characteristics of double threshold.Besides,when the critical point of income of residents went over the level of second threshold,the poverty alleviation effect of internal rural residents did not improve significantly.The research argues that the phenomenon of"poverty-slight and rich-loving"in rural finance and"elite capture"in the rural credit market are the potential inducement of financial poverty reduction effect with threshold characteristics.Poverty reduction resources are more easily captured by rural elites,which makes it difficult to implement the intention of financial poverty reduction,and increases the internal social disparity of rural poverty.This paper suggests that financial poverty reduction should be introspected from the perspective of rural society and rural governance.Furthermore,a long-term mechanism should be established to prevent the rural financial poverty reduction from involution pattern.