生物炭与化肥不同比例配施对生菜产量和品质的影响

Effects of Different Proportion of Fertilizer to Biochar on the Yield and Quality of Lactuca sativa

为提高肥料利用效率,将复合肥与生物炭按不同比例混配制成8种栽培基质,测定栽培生菜鲜重、可溶性糖和维生素C含量,以及栽培土壤的速效养分。结果表明:添加生物炭土壤的生菜重量均显著高于单施化肥和不施肥的对照,其中肥炭比50%F+50%B和60%F+40%B处理土壤单株产量分别是未处理对照的3.7和3.5倍,而且叶片含水量也显著低于其他处理。生菜叶片可溶性糖含量、维生素C含量和叶绿素SPAD值较高的基质为60%F+40%B和80%F+20%B。与单施化肥基质相比,随着生物炭替代量的增加,土壤中碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾的消耗量逐渐减少,即生物炭与化肥混合施用可有效减少速效肥料的损耗,从而提高肥料利用率。土壤中添加生物炭可通过提高生菜叶绿素含量和氮磷钾速效营养的利用,从而提高生菜的产量和品质,实现生菜减肥增效的有机栽培。

In order to improve the utilization efficiency of fertilizer,eight kinds of culture media were prepared by mixing compound fertilizer and biochar in different proportion,the fresh weight,soluble sugar and vitamin C content of plant samples planting in the substrates by the mixture of fertilizer and biochar proportions,and the available nutrients of cultivated substrates soil were investigated.The results showed that the weight of lettuce in the soil with biochar addition was significantly higher than that in the simple fertilizer control and untreated sample.The fresh weights of lettuce in substrates 50%F+50%B and 60%F+40%B was 3.7 and 3.5 times of that of the control,respectively,and the water content of lettuce leaf in two above substrates were lower distinctly.The substrates with higher soluble sugar content,the vitamin C content and the chlorophyll SPAD value of lettuce leaves were involved in 60%F+40%B and 80%F+20%B.Compared with the single fertilizer substrate,the consumption of the alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,the available phosphorus and the available potassium in soil decreased gradually with the increase of biochar substitution,that is,the use of biochar and fertilizer can effectively reduce the loss of available fertilizer,thereby improving the fertilizer utilization efficiency.The addition of biochar in soil could improve the yield and quality of lettuce by increasing the chlorophyll content of lettuce and the utilization of available nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.