“圣人气象”如何再现?——论《论语》的“心源”导向的英译

How to Represent the Spirit of the Sage?--On the English Translation of The Analects in the Direction of the“Heart-Resource”

朱熹尽管接受了程颐对孔子之"志"体现"圣人气象"的论断,但他提出的两个并不兼容的解释误导了后世12个今译和18种英译:它们或固执于"之"的"人我"所指,或止步于词语的语境化。如此,突出人事纠缠或物质授受,无视儒家"为己之学"的关键:人可"自反"的"心"。实则在儒家看来,"老者"作为传统象征,他们那里才有人的家园。故夫子之志的第一部分意为我们在他们那里才能心安,第二和三部分的"信"和"怀"亦指向"心"才可突出夫子"天下大同"的理想。因而,本文提出,遵循中庸之道,取向"一贯之道"或"心道",建立"心源",才有儒家思想的现代译解和跨语意义传输。此例说明,儒家思想的跨文化翻译,就《论语》经义疏解而论,其历史有待重新启动。

Though accepting Cheng Yi’s statement that the chapter in The Analects concerning Master Kong’s ambition represents the"spirit of the sage",Zhu Xi puts forward two incompatible interpretations for it,misleading the later 17 modern Chinese and 19 English translationss either interpreting the word zhi(之)as"I"or other men,or focusing on the contextualization of the words concerned.Thus,with the involvement of worldly affairs and the material enjoyment pinpointed,these exegeses ignore the key to the Ruist(儒家)"learning for oneself":The"heart"that every one of us should return to.Actually,in the view of the school,the elder act as the symbol of cultural tradition where there is the home of man.So the first part of the Master’s ambition means that only in the"heart"can we settle ourselves,while"trust"(信)and"cherish"(怀)in the second and third sections also lead to it as they stress the significance of his ideal of"All is one under the Tian".It is thus suggested in this paper that the heart-resource be established in accordance with the way of Centering the heart and"One threading all",in order to communicate the original message and meaning of the text,indicating that the history of the cross-cultural translation of the book needs to be altered to its right course.