不可还原的艺术——艺术社会学家的艺术特殊论

The Art that Can not be Reduced:Sociologists of Art on the Specificity of Art

在艺术社会学发展史上,以马克思主义者、布尔迪厄和贝克尔为代表的社会学家将社会学推进到艺术领域,丰富了我们对艺术的认知。但他们并没有关注艺术的特殊性,而是像社会学对艺术领域的“殖民”,对艺术进行了普遍式还原。这引起不少社会学家的反驳。沃尔芙认为,艺术不能还原为经济基础或意识形态,应该关注它的审美和形式因素;海因里希认为艺术是一种独特性价值体系,不可还原;亨尼恩和本泽克利认为趣味是一种激情状态,不能还原为社会区隔策略。德诺拉提出,艺术的力量来自人与艺术的互动,在其中,艺术特殊性得到了保留。他们的艺术特殊论是对艺术还原论的一种制衡,对中国艺术社会学发展具有重要启发。

In the history of sociology of art, the sociologists such as Marxist, Bourdieu and Becker used the sociological method to study arts, and developed our understanding of arts. But they did not pay attention to the specificity of art, what they did was just as the colonialism of sociology in the field of art, and reduced art into general social factors. This caused the criticisms of some sociologists of art. Wolff claimed that we cannot reduce art into economic base or ideology, and we should pay attention to its aesthetic and formal factors;Heinich argued that art was a value system of specificity, which could not be reduced;Hennion and Benzecry thought that the taste was a condition of passion, and could not be reduced into the tactics of social distinction. DeNora claimed that the power of art came from the interaction between people and art, and kept a place for the specificity of art in this interaction. Their idea on the specificity of art was a balance to the reductionism of art, and was helpful for the development of Chinese sociology of art.