乳酸菌和水合铝硅酸钙钠对黄曲霉毒素B1脱毒及肉鸡的解毒作用

The aflatoxin B1 detoxify function of lactobacillus and hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate in broilers

本研究旨在探讨乳酸菌和水合钠钙铝硅酸盐对肉鸡日粮黄曲霉污染的解毒作用,同时评估其对肉鸡生长性能、养分消化率、免疫功能及黄曲霉毒素B1残留的影响.试验选择了1 d的雌性肉鸡960只,根据体重一致性随机分为4组,每组8个重复,每个重复30只,分别饲喂阳性对照日粮(没有黄曲霉毒素B1污染)、阴性对照日粮(阳性对照组日粮+45μg/kg黄曲霉毒素B1)、乳酸菌日粮(阴性对照日粮+2.0×1010 CFU/kg乳酸菌)和水合硅铝酸钙钠日粮(阴性对照日粮+3.5 g/kg水合硅铝酸钙钠),试验共开展21 d.结果:阴性处理组平均日增重和饲料报酬显著降低(P<0.05),与阴性对照组相比,乳酸菌组、水合硅铝酸钙钠组和阳性对照组平均日增重显著提高8.92%、5.95%和6.69%(P<0.05),饲料报酬分别显著提高7.94%、6.35%和6.35%(P<0.05).酸菌组消化能的消化率较水合硅铝酸钙钠组显著提高1.56%(P<0.05),同时乳酸菌组钙和磷的消化率也显著高于其他各组(P<0.05).乳酸菌组脾脏和肝脏重量较阴性对照组显著降低14.63%和6.38%(P<0.05),而法氏囊和胸腺相对重量显著提高10.42%和5.23%(P<0.05).阳性对照组组、乳酸菌组和水合硅铝酸钙钠组较阴性对照组显著提高了T和B淋巴细胞数量(P<0.05).与阴性对照组相比,阳性对照组、乳酸菌组血清、肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、法氏囊和胸腺中黄曲霉毒素B1残留量降低49.93%~80.82%(P<0.05),而水合硅铝酸钙钠组黄曲霉毒素B1残留量降低44.38%~66.12%(P<0.05).结论:日粮中添加乳酸菌或水合硅铝酸钙钠可以改善肉鸡生长性能、养分消化率和免疫功能,降低黄曲霉毒素B1的毒副作用和组织残留量.但乳酸菌的改善效果比水合硅铝酸钙钠更明显.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the detoxification effect of lactobacillus and sodium calcium aluminum silicate hydrate on dietary aflatoxin contamination in broilers,and to evaluate the effects on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,immune function and aflatoxin B1 residue in broilers.A total of 1 d 960 female chickens,according to the weight consistency were randomly divided into four treatment groups,each group of eight repeat each repeat 30,feeding positive control,respectively(no pollution of aflatoxin B1),negative control diet(positive control diet+45μg/kg aflatoxin B1),lactic acid bacteria diet(negative control diet+2.0×1010 CFU/kg)lactic acid bacteria and hydrated silicon calcium aluminate sodium diet(negative control diet+3.5 g/kg sialic acid calcium sodium hydrate),test a total of 21 d.Results:the average daily gain and feed remuneration of the negative treatment group were significantly lower(P<0.05),while the average daily gain of lactobacillus,sodium silicate hydrate and positive control group was significantly higher than that of the negative control group by 8.92%,5.95%and 6.69%(P<0.05),and the feed remuneration was increased by 7.94%,6.35%and 6.35%respectively(P<0.05).The digestibility of digestibility of acid bacteria group was significantly higher than that of hydrated calcium and sodium silicate group by 1.56%(P<0.05),while the digestibility of calcium and phosphorus in lactic acid bacteria group was also significantly higher than that of other groups(P<0.05).Compared with the negative control group,the weight of spleen and liver in the lactobacillus group was significantly reduced by 14.63%and 6.38%(P<0.05),while the relative weight of bursa and thymus was significantly increased by 10.42%and 5.23%(P<0.05).Compared with the negative control group,the positive control group,the lactobacillus group and the hydrated calcium aluminate group significantly increased the number of T and B lymphocytes(P<0.05).Compared with the negative control group,aflatoxin B1 residues in serum,liver,spleen,kidney,follicle and thyme of the positive control group and lactobacillus group were reduced by 49.93-80.82%(P<0.05),while aflatoxin B1 residues in the hydrated calcium silicate sodium group were reduced by 44.38-66.12%(P<0.05).Conclusion:adding lactobacillus or hydrated calcium aluminate to the diet can improve the growth performance,nutrient digestibility and immune function of broilers,and reduce the toxicity and side effect of aflatoxin B1 and tissue residue.However,the improvement effect of lactobacillus was more obvious than that of hydrated calcium aluminate.