货车自动驾驶技术及标准法规发展分析

Analysis of Truck Automation Technology Development and Standardization

目前,自动驾驶技术在乘用车领域已获得突破性发展;为提高通行效率和出行安全起到了极大的作用。自动驾驶技术在商用车领域的应用,有望较好解决高昂的人力成本和难以提高的效率等问题。然而,目前自动驾驶技术在货车的应用大多采用跟乘用车同样的标准进行规范,这在实际应用中存在着诸多的问题;例如,在FCW和AEB功能中货车在相同车速的制动距离要远大于乘用车,而其所采用标准规定的碰撞预警时间却并无多大不同,这在实际场景中存在着较大的安全隐患[1,2]。此外,货车质量和体积较大,且较多应用于长途运输,运输过程中会经历包括高温、严寒、山区等多种复杂气候场景,这些都将对货车自动驾驶技术在车辆制动效能、能耗以及多场景应用等方面提出更有针对性规范的要求。本文针对货车的应用场景特点,为其自动驾驶技术应用标准化提出了建议。

At present,automation technology has achieved breakthrough development in the field of passenger cars;companies such as Google,Tesla,and Baidu have developed automated vehicles above the L3 level.At the same time,the Forward Collision Warning system(FCW)and Advanced Emergency Braking system(AEB)below the L2 level have been greatly applied,which has greatly played a role in improving the efficiency and safety of transportations[1,2].However,the application of automation technology to trucks currently adopts the same standards as passenger cars,and therefor there are many problems.for example,the braking distances of trucks are much larger than the passenger cars at the same initial velocity,but their TTCs are not much different,which has a greater safety hazard in transportations.In addition,trucks have the larger quality and volume and are often used in long-distance transportations;During the transportations,trucks will experience a variety of complex environments,including high temperature,extremely cold,and mountainous areas;and so that automation technology of trucks should focus on vehicle braking efficiency,energy consumptions,and multi-scenes applications.This paper puts forward suggestions for the standardization of truck automation technology according to the characteristics of truck application scenes.