家庭对3-6岁学前儿童学习品质的影响及教育对策

Influences of Family on Learning Quality of Preschool Children Aged 3-6 Years and Educational Countermeasures

学习品质是学前儿童入学准备的重要内容。通过研究发现,3-6岁学前儿童学习品质存在性别、年龄和气质类型差异,尤其是易养型幼儿学习品质得分显著高于难养型幼儿;家庭养育环境对幼儿学习品质影响具有显著差异,尤其是父母受教育程度和家庭经济收入对幼儿学习品质影响差异显著;不同家庭学习环境对幼儿学习品质影响差异显著,尤其是家庭学习活动和家庭学习资源对幼儿学习品质影响差异显著;父母参与、亲子互动质量对幼儿学习品质影响差异显著。因此,学前儿童学习品质的培养应采取符合气质类型、遵循年龄规律,改善家庭养育环境、提升家庭文化资本总量,加大家庭教育投资、增进有效教育环境,增加家庭社会资本存量、提升亲子互动质量等相应策略。

Learning quality is an important part of preschool children’s school preparation.The study found that there were gender,age and temperament type differences in the learning quality of preschool children aged 3-6 years.The influence of family rearing environment on children’s learning quality is significantly different,especially the influence of parents’education level and family income on children’s learning quality is significantly different.Different family learning environments have significantly different effects on children’s learning quality,especially family learning activities and family learning resources.The quality of parental involvement and parent-child interaction have significant influence on children’s learning quality.Therefore,the cultivation of preschool children’s learning quality should adopt such corresponding strategies as conforming to the temperament type,following the age rule,improving the family rearing environment,enhancing the total amount of family cultural capital,increasing the investment in family education,enhancing the effective education environment,increasing the stock of family social capital,and improving the quality of parent-child interaction.