《红楼梦》疑难词语解证

Textual Research on the Difficult Words in Dream of Red Mansions

本文对《红楼梦》中的五个疑难词语做了新的解证。文章认为“接履”为“获履”的臆改,“获履”是有机会走上、得以到达的意思。“根并荷花一茎香”之“茎”应作“水”,“一水香”的说法古诗常见,意为整个水面也浸染了香气。“[瓜分]瓟斝”之“[瓜分]”为“瓠”字之误,“瓠瓟”同义连文,“瓠瓟斝”是用斝形模子套在瓠瓟上培育加工而成的斝。“点犀■”有些版本作“杏犀■”,其是非已争论了半个多世纪,本文判定“点”是而“杏”非。“瓢坎”之义,各家的解释差别很大,都是根据文意猜测,拿不出可靠依据。戚序本作“刨坎”,但各校本都不采纳,本文认为“刨坎”可信。方言中有“刨坎”一词,义为刨土、干农活。“越发连那小家子刨坎的也跟不上”是说干脆连那小户人家种田的人都不如。如此理解,文从字顺,前人的种种猜测无一靠谱。

This article makes a new textual criticisms and explanations of the five difficult words in Dream of Red Mansions.They are Jielü(接履),Yijingxiang(一茎香),Banpaojia([瓜分]瓟斝),Dianxiqiao(点犀■),Piaokan(瓢坎).The article holds that“Jielü”is subjective modification of“Huolü”(获履)and it means having the opportunity to go up or get there.“Jing”of“Yijingxiang”should be written as“Shui”(水).“Yishuixiang”means that the whole water surface is also soaked with fragrance.“Ban”of“Banpaojia”is a mistake of the character“Hu”(瓠).“Dianxiqiao”is also written as“Xingxiqiao”in Some editions,this paper judges that“Dian”is right and“Xing”is wrong.“Piaokan”is a mispronunciation of“Paokan”(刨坎).