老年肿瘤患者营养评估及影响因素研究进展

Research progress of nutritional assessment and influencing factors in elderly cancer patients

我国人口老龄化形势严峻,罹患肿瘤的老年患者不断增加,伴随而来的老年肿瘤住院患者逐年上升,老年肿瘤患者作为特殊群体获得临床学者的广泛关注.肿瘤作为一种慢性消耗性疾病,其本身及其治疗的不良反应,会持续大量的消耗肌肉、脂肪组织.老年肿瘤患者合并症多、病情比较复杂,治疗周期相对较长,营养风险及营养不良的发生概率较高.营养不良会增加老年肿瘤患者并发症发生风险、延长住院时间、增加医疗费用,对患者的生存质量造成严重不良影响.了解老年肿瘤患者营养评估内容,采取合适的营养筛查和评估方法,同时了解引起老年肿瘤患者营养风险和营养不良的影响因素,对老年肿瘤患者具有重要意义.本文从老年肿瘤患者营养评估内容、营养筛查与评估方法的选择、营养不良影响因素等方面进行讨论.以期全面提高对老年肿瘤患者营养情况的认识,选择合适的营养评估内容,筛选最佳的营养评估工具,根据影响因素采取针对性措施,更好地提高老年肿瘤患者的营养状况,提高预后和生活质量.

The aging situation of national population is severe,and the number of elderly patients suffering from cancer is increasing year by year,accompanying the rising hospitalized rate which attracted widely attention from clinical scholars.As a chronic consumptive disease,tumors consume a lot of muscle and adipose tissue continuously due to its rapid proliferation and side effects of treatment.The elderly cancer patients have many comorbidities,complicated condition,relatively long treatment period,and high proportion of nutritional risk and malnutrition.Since malnutrition could increase the risk of complications,prolong the length of hospital stay,increase medical costs,and lead to seriously adverse effect on the quality of life.It is of great significance for the elderly cancer patients to understand the content of their nutritional evaluation,to take appropriate nutritional screening and evaluation,and to understand the factors that cause the nutritional risk and malnutrition.This article reviewed the content of nutritional evaluation,the selection of nutritional screening and evaluation methods,and the influencing factors of malnutrition in elderly cancer patients.With a view to comprehensively improving the understanding of the nutritional status,selecting appropriate nutritional evaluation content,screening the best nutritional evaluation tools,taking targeted measures according to the influencing factors,to better improve the nutritional status of elderly cancer patients and improve the prognosis and life quality.