行政诉讼中的“既判力”与“重复诉讼”的混同与界分

Confusion and Demarcation of“Res Judicata”and“Repeated Litigation”in Administrative Litigation

2018年新出台的《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国行政诉讼法〉的解释》完善了《行政诉讼法》的适用,但仍有部分问题未能得到解决。“既判力”与“重复诉讼”作为诉讼法的重要内容,在我国行政诉讼法领域审判实践中出现混同。结合目前大陆法系主流观点,对同类型案例进行分析,比较“既判力”与“重复诉讼”的三大区别。通过案例归纳审判实务中出现不同判决的原因,对照分析理论层面差异,提出通过确定诉讼系属的范围,限定为案件处于特定法院管辖审理的状态,以区别于“重复诉讼”归属于诉讼过程之外,同时厘清相关法条在审判实务中的关系,做到正确的运用,防止两原则在实践中运用的混同。

The newly introduced Interpretation of the Supreme People's Court on the Application of the Administration Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China 2018 interprets the application of the Administrative Litigation Law,but some problems still remain unresolved.“Res judicata”and“repeated litigation”,two important connotations of the procedural law turn out to be easily confused in the trial practice of administrative litigation law in China.Combining the current mainstream views of the civil law system,three major differences between“res judicata”and“repetitive litigation”are identified through the analysis of the same types of cases.Based on the study of cases,reasons for different verdicts in the trial practice are summarized.After comparing the theoretical differences,it is proposed that by determining the scope of the litigation and labeling the case to a specific court,it can be distinguished from the fact that the“repeated litigation”is beyond litigation process.At the same time,the relationship between relevant laws and regulations in trial practice should be clarified and applied properly to prevent the confusion of the two principles in practice.