消费公益诉讼之原告资格多元化

Diversification of Plaintiff Qualifications in Consumer Public Interest Litigation

消费公益诉讼作为一种新型的以维护不特定多数消费者权益为核心的诉讼模式,具有独特意义,消费公益诉讼的原告资格作为起步条件又影响了消费公益诉讼可以发挥的价值的大小。但我国目前法律规定的原告资格范围过窄,法律条文过于简单,仍存在一定的法律空白。为了从源头上保证消费公益诉讼发挥实质效果,消费公益诉讼原告应向多元化发展。总体来说,首先应扩大原告资格的范围,应使公民个人、市级消协和以保护消费者权益为宗旨的社会组织获得原告资格,但注意不宜将行政机关纳入原告范围,同时应完善检察机关的公益诉权;其次在原告资格扩张的基础上制定相关的配套措施来平衡激励起诉和制约滥诉的关系,并完善多元原告之间的协作机制。

Consumer public interest litigation,as a new type of litigation model with the core of safeguarding the interests of unspecified majority consumers,is of special significance.The plaintiff who can initiate a consumer public interest litigation as a starting condition has also affected the value of consumer public interest litigation..However,the scope of plaintiff qualifications in China's current laws is too narrow,the legal provisions are too simple,and there are still some legal gaps.In order to ensure the actual effect of consumer public interest litigation from the source,the plaintiff of consumer public interest litigation should develop towards diversification.In general,the scope of plaintiff qualifications should be expanded first,and individual citizens,municipal consumer associations,and social organizations with the purpose of protecting consumer rights and interests should be granted plaintiff qualifications,but note that it should not be appropriate to include administrative agencies in the scope of the plaintiffs and improve the public interest litigation right of the procuratorial organs.Second,based on the expansion of the plaintiff's qualifications,relevant supporting measures to balance the relationship between incentives for prosecution and restrict excessive prosecution,should be taken to improve the cooperation between multiple plaintiffs.