从《史记·屈原列传》看司马迁的文学批评观

Sima Qian's View of Literary Criticism From the Historical Records of Qu Yuan

在《史记·屈原列传》中司马迁以“知人论世”的批评方法对屈原其人其作进行了深入的剖析与诠释。而他之所以采用这样的批评方法是受到了《史记》纪传体体例和个人遭遇的影响。但这种诠释模式也体现出了一定的局限性:在探讨作家的创作动机时,易将某个观点过度扩张,延展到对其内容的诠释。此外,司马迁在批评屈原的作品时常以政治议题为核心,这种批评观的形成应是受到了汉代楚辞学兴盛与讽谕教化观念流行的影响。

In the Records of History,Qu Yuan,Sima Qian analyzed Qu Yuan's works with the critical method of"knowing people and discussing the world".The reason why he adopted such a critical method was influenced by the biographical style and his personal experience.However,this interpretation also shows some limitations when discussing the writer's creative motivation,it is easy to over expand a certain point of view and extend it to the interpretation of its content.In addition,Sima Qian often criticizes Qu Yuan's works with political issues as the core.The formation of this critical view should be influenced by the prosperous political environment of Chu Ci and the popularity of sarcastic and educational ideas in the Han Dynasty.