性别观念的平等程度是否反映了事实的性别构建?——来自世界价值观调查的证据

Does the Gender Perception Equality Reflect the Gender Constructionin Reality?Evidence from the World Values Survey

从测量的角度看,性别平等具有规范、经验和观念这三种意义上的理解。然而,基于不同理解的测量所反映的国家或地区的性别平等状况并不完全一致。深入探讨这些不一致的表征及其原因,对于准确识别性别不平等,减少性别差距,促进歧视性文化、制度和行为的根本改变至关重要。研究运用世界价值观调查数据构建了性别观念平等指数(GPEI),对60个国家和地区的性别观念进行探讨,并与性别不平等指数(GII)展开比较,结果显示,不同国家和地区在观念与客观事实这两个层次的测量结果之间存在着不同差距,但性别观念平等可以在一定程度上解释客观事实的性别平等,这意味着性别观念平等程度的提高可以降低不同领域实际性别不平等的程度。

From the perspective of measurement,gender equality can be understood in terms of norms,experience and perceptions.However,the measurements based on different understandings reflect different gender equality situations in different countries or regions.Discussing these inconsistencies and possible reasons caused by different measurements is very important for us to accurately identify gender inequality,reduce gender gap and promote the fundamental change of discriminatory culture,system and behavior.This study uses the World Values Survey to construct the Gender Perception Equality Index(GPEI)and discusses the specific situations of gender perceptions in the family and public fields in 60 countries and regions.Furthermore,the results of two indexes of gender inequality index(GII)and GPEI are compared.It shows that although the gap exists between perception level and fact level in different countries and regions,gender perception equality can explain the fact of gender equality to some degree,which means that the improvement of gender perception equality can reduce the actual level of gender inequality.