历史的越轨与文明的飞白--贾平凹小说《山本》中民间史观的现代实践

Deviation of History and Malapropism of Civilization:The Modern Practice of the Folk Historical Conceptions in Jia Pingwa’s Novel Shan Ben

本文以贾平凹小说《山本》中民间史观的现代实践为主要研究对象,借用鲁迅之语将这种时空和意识的跨越称之为"历史的越轨"。正是基于对百年来现代化历程中乡土社会衍变的整体把握和长期关注,作者能以一种从容的态度舒缓焦虑,寻根秦岭。同时,作为小说背景的东秦岭地区在历史上恰好处于四大文明区的"飞白"地带,其独特的历史文化传统也为这种"越轨"提供了特殊的文化基因的支持。在更为圆熟、完善的历史观作用下,《山本》的历史观第一次实现了一种"小传统"对"大传统"的超越,同时也创造出了文学图景中的新的"飞白"。作家有意识地从追溯传统中获取了丰厚的文化资源,给予这种"越轨"与"飞白"的历程以丰厚的动力,进而建构了一个既有超越性又具世俗性的神话。

This paper, by taking the modern practice of folk historical conceptions in Jia Pingwa’s novel Shan Ben as the main research object, and by using Lu Xun’s words, refers to the span of time and space and consciousness in the novel as "the deviation of history". It is just the base on the overall grasp and long-term concern of the development of rural society in the century-long modernization process that the author can relieve the anxiety and seek the roots in the Qinling Mountains with a calm attitude. At the same time, the eastern Qinling Mountainous area, as the background of the novel, is historically located in the "malapropism" zone of the four major civilizations in history. Its unique historical and cultural traditions also provide special cultural gene support for this "deviation". Under the influence of more mature and perfect historical view, the historical view of Shan Ben realized for the first time the transcendence of the "little tradition" to the "great tradition", and also created a new "Malapropism" in the literary picture. The writer has consciously acquired rich cultural resources from retrospecting the tradition, giving abundant motivation to this "deviation" and "malapropism" course, and then constructing a myth that is both transcendental and secular.