神圣与世俗的对立与冲突——《红楼梦》主题的重新探讨

The Opposites and Conflicts between the Sacred and the Worldly:A Re-discussion of the Subject of A Dream of Red Mansions

《红楼梦》第一回,以女娲在大荒山炼石成玉的神话象征了一个神圣的世界,以《好了歌》及其注解象征了一个世俗的世界。这两个世界结构在一起,构成了神圣与世俗的对立与冲突。神圣与世俗对立与冲突构成了《红楼梦》的一个重要结构原型。贾宝玉衔玉而生就是带着神圣性进入世俗社会。贾宝玉对青春女儿的呵护与崇拜是对男尊女卑价值观的叛逆,但是贾宝玉的青春女性崇拜并没有战胜世俗力量对青春女儿的毁灭。贾宝玉带着“木石前盟”的前世姻缘与林黛玉痴心相爱,但是终于没有战胜世俗的“金玉良缘”。贾宝玉要本着赤子之心走自己的自由人生之路,但是世俗的力量偏偏规定他读书做官。神圣与世俗的对立与冲突是《红楼梦》最基本最重要的主题。

Chapter One of A Dream of Red Mansions symbolizes a sacred world with Nuwa’s myth of refining stone into jade in Dahuang Mountain,and a secular world with the Won Done Song and its annotations.These two world structures together constitute the oppositions and conflicts between the sacred and the worldly.The oppositions and conflicts between the sacred and worldly constitute an important structural prototype of A Dream of Red Mansions.Jia Baoyu enters into the secular society witha silver spoon in his mouth.Jia Baoyu’s care and worship of the young girls is rebellious to the values of male superiority and female inferiority,but Jia Baoyu’s youth female worship has not overcome the destruction of the young girls by the worldly power.Jia Baoyu with“wood and stone,pledge”of the previous marriage and Lin Daiyu’s infatuated love,but finally did not overcome the worldly“gold and jadepredestined match”.Jia Baoyu wants to follow the path of his own free life in an innocent heart of a child,but the worldly power must stipulate that he reads as an official.In short,the opposites and conflicts between the sacred and the worldly are the most basic and important theme of A Dream of Red Mansions.