数控机床电机散热温度场的数值模拟研究

Numerical Simulation of Heat Dissipation Induced Temperature Field in Machine Tool Motor

电机作为数控机床的核心部件,其性能影响着机床主轴系统的精度、电机效率和使用寿命.因此,合理设计高速电机的结构使其处于最佳的温度场,了解电机在运行过程中各空气区域内的速度及温度分布非常重要.本文以某机床的电机定转子作为研究对象,利用CFD软件对转子通风道的设计方案进行数值模拟,通过数值模拟分析电机内部的流场温度场及流场分布.根据模拟结果进行优化设计,在转子和定子之间进行单排孔和双排孔的优化方案设计,通过温度分布确定最佳设计方案,为电机转子通风道的散热优化设计提供有意义的参考.

As the core component of high-grade Computer Number Control(CNC) machine tools, the performance of motor determines the processing accuracy, efficiency and service life of the machine. Therefore, it is very important to design the structure of the high-speed motor to keep it in the optimal temperature field and to understand the velocity and temperature distribution in each air area of the permanent magnet generator during its operation. In this paper, the stator and rotor of a machine tool were taken as the research objects. The rotor ventilation duct in the design scheme was numerically simulated by CFD software. The temperature field and the flow field inside the motor were analyzed. According to the simulation results, the design schemes of single row and double row holes between the rotor and stator were proposed. The optimum design scheme was determined by the temperature distribution. The conclusion provides a meaningful reference for the optimization design of heat dissipation of motor rotor ventilation duct.