基于LS-DYNA的车辆碰撞数值分析

Numerical Simulation of Vehicle Crashes Based on LS-DYNA

本文基于中国新车评估规程,对高速车辆正面相撞和高速测试车辆与静态车辆侧面相撞这两种工况进行了碰撞数值模拟,采用HYPERMESH进行建模和LS-DYNA进行仿真分析计算.分析结果表明,在正面碰撞中,前保险杠与阻挡壁接触发生弯曲和变形,随着碰撞时间的持续,发动机的副车架弯曲,导致乘客舱的侵入量明显增加.侧面碰撞中,B柱和测试车辆的蜂窝结构发生严重变形,发动机舱结构的褶皱吸收大量的冲击能量.通过改进车辆结构,A柱的侵入量从80 mm减小到40 mm,脚部空间的侵入量从210 mm减少到150 mm.侧面碰撞时B柱的窗口边缘处的侵入量与下部的侵入量也均满足安全要求.

Based on the evaluation rules of new vehicles in China, this paper conducts numerical simulations of two collision cases,(i) high-speed vehicle frontal collision, and(ii) collision between high-speed test vehicles and static vehicles. The software HYPERMESH is used for modeling and LS-DYNA for simulation analysis. The analysis results show that in the frontal collision, the front bumper is bent and deformed in the contact with the barrier wall. As the collision continues, the sub-frame of the engine bends, resulting in a significant increase in the intrusion of the passenger compartment. In the side impact, the B-pillar and the honeycomb structure of the test vehicle are severely deformed, and the wrinkles of the engine compartment structure absorb a large amount of impact energy. After improving the structure of the vehicle, the intrusion amount of the A-pillar was reduced from 80 mm to 40 mm, and the intrusion amount of the foot space was reduced from 210 mm to 150 mm. The amount of intrusion of the B-pillar at the edge of the window and in the lower part also meet the safety requirements.