民国时期图书分类探索中的中文古籍处置问题

Exploration of Chinese Ancient Books Classification in the Period of the Republic of China

民国时期学界在探索图书分类过程中,普遍在杜威十进制分类法的基础上结合中文古籍的特点,或增补加入新的类目,或采用其体系进行全新的改变。在各大图书馆具体操作时所使用的分类法五花八门,大致可分为中西文文献分开处置和统一处置两种不同的方法。民国时期图书分类探索均以杜威法为蓝本,是学界得以广泛交流的基础。民国时期图书分类探索看似成果甚多,但实际上新旧书籍如何处置的问题没有得到圆满的解决。造成这种局面的原因从表面上看是因为学界中人各自为政的状况一直没有改变,导致制定出一部全国统一的分类法的目标也一直没有实现,但深层次的原因则是学界对图书分类的基础理论忽略的必然结果。

In explorating book classification in the Period of the Republic of China,based on Dewey Decimal Classification(DDC)and characteristics of ancient Chinese books,scholars generally added new categories or made a complete change with the system.Classification methods used in libraries differ a lot,which could be divided into two:separately classifying Chinese and Western literatures,or adopting the unified method.During the Period of the Republic of China,the book classification was based on the DDC,which made the basis of the extensive communication among the academic circles.The exploration of book classification seems to have made a lot of achievements,but the problem of how to deal with the ancient and new books has not been solved.The apparent reason for this situation lies in that researchers lack coordination,and no unified classification system could be worked out.In fact,it is an inevitable result of neglecting the basic theory of book classification.