走滑断层研究进展及启示

Progress on strike-slip fault research and its significance

自走滑断层概念提出之后,走滑断层在地质科学研究上的重要性逐渐体现出来,并在几何学、运动学、动力学及其构造意义等方面取得了重要的认识,使得走滑断层的研究得到快速的发展,但其分类及其成因机制分析还存在一定的局限性。在走滑断层相关文献调研的基础上,文章对走滑断层原理、概念和相关术语发展历程进行了归纳总结,同时也对走滑断层的位移特征、识别标志、力学性质、走滑派生或伴生构造、走滑盆地特征、走滑断层分类及走滑断层实例等研究成果进行了系统性研究分析。在此基础上,结合走滑断层的力学机制,提出走滑断层新分类方式,并运用新的分类方式进一步对美国西海岸圣安德列斯断层、新西兰的阿尔卑斯断层和中国著名的郯庐断裂带以及阿尔金断裂带等典型断层进行简要分析。

Since the emergence of the strike-slip fault concept,the importance of strike-slip fault in geological science research has gradually been realized. Understandings of strike-slip faults in terms of geometry,kinematics,dynamics and tectonic significance have accelerated the study on strike-slip fault. However,there are still some limitations in its classification and mechanism analysis. Based on the literature review of strike-slip fault,the principle,concept and related terms are summarized,then the displacement characteristics,identification marks,mechanical mechanism, strike-slip derived or associated structures, characteristics of strike-slip basins,classification and examples of strike-slip faults are analyzed. Combined with the mechanical mechanism of strikeslip fault,a new classification method of strike-slip fault is proposed,and a brief analysis of typical faults is made using the new classification method,such as the San Andreas fault on the west coast of the United States,the Alpine fault in New Zealand,the Tanlu fault and the Altyn Tagh fault in China.