美国土地休耕登记机制及对中国的启示

The enrollment mechanism of US Conservation Reserve Program and its enlightenment to China

登记机制是美国土地休耕制度的核心。该机制通过设立准入标准、竞价上限、环境效益指数和最大面积上限对休耕进行资格控制、成本控制、效益控制和规模控制,在一定程度上有效实现了生态效益、社会效益、经济效益,以及个人利益之间的平衡。中国目前的休耕工作尚处于试点和探索阶段,急需建立符合中国国情的较为完善的休耕组织方式和政策体系。该研究总结了美国土地休耕登记机制的优点,并提出中国在土地休耕体系的构建中要综合运用政府和市场双重手段,注重宏观控制和微观控制相结合,借助“政府购买式服务”的制度优势,运用社会力量进行休耕养护等建议。

The core of the US Conservation Reserve Program(CRP)is its enrollment mechanism.This mechanism has realized qualification control,cost control,quality control,and scale control through the design of accessible standards,bidding caps,environmental benefit index(EBI)and acreage caps,which achieves a balance between ecological,social,economic,and personal benefits.China’s current land conservation program is in the pilot and exploration stage,and it is urgent to establish a relatively complete land conservation organization method and policy system that is in line with China’s national conditions.This study summarizes the advantages of the enrollment mechanism of US CRP,and proposes that in the construction of land conservation system,China should use the dual means of government and market,pay attention to the combination of macro and micro control,and take advantages of the institutional advantages of“government purchase service”by using social forces to carry out land conservation.