一种大批量多品种后向反馈容重比平衡货物配装法

Large-volume Multi-variety Backward Feedback Cubage-weight Balance Cargo Fitting Algorithm

货物配装问题是指一批不同类型的货物如何用最少车辆完成配载的问题。大批量货物是指1单货物由多个同体积和质量的单元(件数)组成,总量大于单个车辆装载量。针对大批量货物配装除了货物类型配装,还存在拆单(数量配装)问题。首先,利用线性规划方法分别按货物体积和质量进行车辆规划,根据货物的总容重比确定采用车辆规划类型,然后,以货物的总容重比和车辆容重比制定容重比平衡规则,当1单货物不满足容重比平衡规则时,用后向反馈法进行拆单,即根据后续待装货物容重比,确定当前载入货物的数量。该方法与其他两种方法对比,体积装载率分别提高18.7%和16.09%,质量装载率分别提高0.95%和8.57%,用实际商业物流配送数据试验,体积与质量装载率都达到87%以上。

The problem of cargo fitting refers to how a batch of different types of cargo can be loaded with a minimum number of vehicles.Large-volume goods refer to a single cargo consisting of multiple units of the same volume and weight(number of pieces)and the total amount is greater than the single vehicle load.In addition to cargo type fitting,there are also problems of splitting orders(quantity fitting).Firstly,the vehicle planning was carried out according to the volume and weight of the cargo by linear programming method,and the vehicle planning type was determined according to the average cubage-weight of the cargo.Then,the cubage-weight balance rule was formulated according to the average cubage-weight ratio of the cargo and the cubage-weight ratio of the vehicle.When the single cargo did not satisfy the cubage-weight balance rule,the backward feedback method was used to perform the splitting,that is,the quantity of goods currently loaded was determined according to the cubage-weight of the subsequent cargo to be loaded.Compared with the other two methods,the volume loading rate is increased by 18.7%and 16.09%,respectively,and the weight loading rate is increased by 0.95%and 8.57%respectively.With the actual distribution data experiment,the volume and weight loading rate reached 87%.